The results from a large-scale international trial are being hailed as a ‘game changer’ in the UK for improving the health of people with obesity and could even play a major part in helping reduce the impact of diseases such as COVID-19.

The drug, semaglutide, works by hijacking the body’s own appetite-regulating system in the brain leading to reduced hunger and calorie intake, according to a study published in the New England Journal for Medicine.

One third (35 per cent) of people who took the new drug for treating obesity lost more than one-fifth of their total body weight, according to the major global study involving University College London (UCL) researchers and almost 2,000 trial participants in 16 countries.

“The findings of this study represent a major breakthrough in improving the health of people with obesity. Three quarters (75 per cent) of people who received semaglutide 2.4 mg lost more than 10 per cent of their body weight and more than one-third lost more than 20 per cent,” said principal author Rachel Batterham, Professor of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology who leads the Centre for Obesity Research at UCL and the UCLH Centre for Weight Management.
“No other drug has come close to producing this level of weight loss. This really is a game-changer. For the first time, people can achieve through drugs what was only possible through weight-loss surgery,” she said.

The average participant in the trial lost 15.3 kg; this was accompanied by reductions in risk factors for heart disease and diabetes, such as waist circumference, blood fats, blood sugar and blood pressure and reported improvements in their overall quality of life.

This drug could have major implications for UK health policy for years to come, added Professor Batterham.

The trial’s UK Chief Investigator, Professor John Wilding from the University of Liverpool, said semaglutide is already approved and used clinically at a lower dose for treatment of diabetes, so doctors are already familiar with its use.

With evidence from the international trial, semaglutide has been submitted for regulatory approval as a treatment for obesity to the UK’s National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The international trial was funded by the pharma company Novo Nordisk.