Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD development, according to a study published online March 7 in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.

Jong Hyun Jhee, M.D., from the Inha University College of Medicine in Incheon, South Korea, and colleagues examined the correlation between secondhand smoke exposure and the risk for CKD development among 131,196 never-smokers with normal kidney function. In addition, the risk for incident CKD development was analyzed in 1,948 participants without CKD at baseline.

The researchers found that prevalent CKD was observed in 1.8, 1.7, and 2.0 percent of participants in groups with exposure of three or more days/week, less than three days/week, and no exposure, respectively. For prevalent CKD, the adjusted odds ratio was significantly higher in groups exposed to secondhand smoke versus no exposure (odds ratios, 1.72 for less than three days per week and 1.44 for three or more days per week). CKD occurred in 16 percent of participants during a mean follow-up of 104 months. Compared with no exposure, participants with exposure had an increased risk for CKD development in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 1.59 for less than three days/week; hazard ratio, 1.66 for three or more days/week).

"Lowering the chance of secondhand smoke exposure by enhancing public smoking restriction policies and educating the public about the potential harm of household tobacco use could reduce the risk of CKD development in the nonsmoking population with normal kidney function," the authors write.

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